Timing and methods of grape trellising
Grape trellising is a process necessary when growing a garden crop that leads to higher yields.
Why it is necessary
Grape trellising consists of completely or partially cutting off the young shoots of grapes. This procedure is necessary in order not to direct the main forces on the growth of newly appearing shoots, but on the development of the already existing vine and the laying of grape brushes.
The place of emergence of grape steps are the buds in the leaf grottoes.
This measure is necessary for young plants that are actively growing after the growing season, in order to offer them harmonious development and improve growth. It is also applied to adult vineyards to ensure timely ripening of the harvest.
The steps of the sons have positive effects on the plant, including:
- Rapid recycling of carbon dioxide along with solar energy through the young processes results in active growth of the young greens,
- Photosynthesis is accelerated, which has a positive effect on improving nutrient quality and green mass growth. Step-bags can accelerate the process of nutrient formation by 30%.
- Leaves subsequently grow on the side branches to replace the wilted leaves. The new green mass continues to produce nutrition after the old main leaf dies.
The presence of stages has a number of negative consequences:
- Overgrown young shoots take up some of the nutrition and slow down the time the bunches ripen.
- An abundance of green mass affects the preservation of sufficient light, creates excessive shade, which disrupts the process of photosynthesis and affects berry ripening.
- As a result of the active growth of stages and the large amount of green mass, grape bushes become overgrown, the quality of nutrition deteriorates, which leads to the emergence of fungal and infectious diseases.
For these reasons, most grapes tend to need step son from grapes.
Events
The first pruning of stepgrasses that have appeared on the vine is scheduled 30 days after the beginning of the growing season in the spring. This is the time of appearance on the plant on the branches of the second order of 3-6 leaves, which blossom in the lateral process.
The following procedures are repeated as the shoots regrow, no more than once a week.
The total number of removals reaches 10 times per season.
In young plants, the steps are removed in summer to form a strong skeleton part. In this case, it is allowed to combine the grapes.
Rules of carrying out
At the steps, shoots are cut by 10 nodes, which is before the beginning of the flowering period, after which the plant slows down the development and increases the number of ovaries. In this case, leave 2 lower leaves, cut off the top and remove 2-3 cm and the point of growth (the crown of the shoot) and on each get 3 leaves: 2 new and 1 main.
The stepchild correctly increases the yield by 25%.
Second-order stepchildren are completely removed. Each stepchild should be harrowed around the inflorescences in the bunches area, which ensures quality pollination and laying of ovaries.
Methods
Depending on the stage of the growing season, the procedure is allowed by one of the available methods.
- At the initial stage of sire emergence, the grass of the prothorax is thin and suitable for simple pinching or breaking with the hands without the use of scissors and paddles. This is done by squeezing with the fingers. This method of pinching is considered the easiest and most common among beginners, but not the most effective, because when you remove it, you can damage the fruit of reproduction, from which immediately grows a new sprout, starting from the main festival.
- The second method is the top of the stepchild, which is specifically designed for this tool with the task of 1 leaf. The remaining shoot will not affect the full growth, but will stop the development of the bud.
- The third way is to equip the top of the stepchild, which leaves 4 leaves to provide nutrition. Then all the leaves are removed to the optimal number in the processes of the second order, with the tips cut off.
Conclusion
Grape stepgrassing is a necessary method of removing steps on grapes, which reduces the growth of branches forming from the sides and improves the process of entering the vine.
There are a number of rules on how to step grapes, if followed, which increases the yield of the garden crop and flaws are smoothed out.
How to properly step over grapes?
Many gardeners grow grapes on their plots. To maintain a good harvest for this culture requires appropriate care. In the spring, the opening of bushes, complicating dressing and feeding is carried out. With the appearance of green leaves, other work with the strengthening of the bush improve its growth and proceed to treatment. These include grape trellising, dipping and hunting the grapes. Beginners are often interested in the question of grape trellising. The need for this procedure, as well as the timing and methods are discussed in this article.
What is necessary?
Many grape growers, especially inexperienced ones, do not know whether it is necessary to prick grapes and why to do it. However, it is a necessary procedure that contributes to an increase in yields.
The shoots that emerge from the axils of the leaves are considered to be stepchildren. Their natural formation depends on the degree of load, weather and climatic conditions, and agrotechnics.
It should be understood that the grape bush needs to bring its presence to stable photosynthesis. But at the time when the bunches begin to fill with juice and increase sweetness, the need for such greenery is already gone. As a result, vineyards have to cut off axillary shoots.
Getting rid of unwanted shoots can be done by stepping. As a result of green operations:
The growth and development of the bush begins to accelerate;
Photosynthesis processes are improved;
The rabbits are more effectively exposed to the sun;
By pruning the bush, contributes to the fight against fungal diseases.
The number of such activities depends on how quickly the shoots mature. Proper exploitation can increase the yield of the bush by 25% or more.
It should be understood that on bushes with a large number of shaggy shoots will be much less than on bushes with a small amount of harvest.
They begin to grow most vigorously after pruning and clamping before or after the grape blossoms.
Pricking or pinching leads to better formation and better crown growth.
There are two ways to perform picking.
By manipulation, strong shoots are broken off before flowering. This delays the growth of the vine, which then leads to an increase in wilting.
Pruning is done by breaking off the tips. At this stage, three young leaves are left.
If the green mass is not pruned and removed, there will be quite a few bunches on the vines, and the berries themselves will be smaller and more sour. By following this procedure, you will be able to grow a crop of sweet, ripe, and large berries.
Temporal coordination.
Work several times during the season. Selective removal of shoots of the second stage will properly load the bush, which will lead to the fact that the useful components will go to the berries, not to the leaves.
Pickling takes place in the spring, when the first leaves appear on the branches. To do this, leave some of the lower leaves, remove the crown of the shoot and the upper leaves. This leaves the main leaf and a few new leaves on the vine.
Usually in June, the stalks begin to develop intensively, so in the summer it is necessary to continue the activities started in the spring. The procedure is repeated in July. During the work, it is also advisable to remove the lower leaves on the vine. Adult stems do not allow the grapes to fill with juice and accumulate the flavor and aroma inherent in the variety. Overgrowth of the bush is often the cause of diseases.
In addition, the procedure is carried out periodically throughout the summer, checking the bushes every 7-10 days. During the work, stumps are left, which will keep the remaining fragments of the vine from injury.
August is the time of the end of the hunt – pruning unnecessary tops. This procedure differs from pruning in that a significant part of the shoot is removed.
Methods
Pruning can be carried out in several ways. It directly depends on what stage of growth the crop is at. Tips for novice winemakers can help you remove the stems at the right time and in the most appropriate way.
Once a sprout appears, it is still very thin and can easily be removed by simply plucking or ripping it out. It is enough to simply press down with your fingers and tear off the excess sprout. This method can be called one of the easiest. Their disadvantage is that when the shoot is removed, the fruit bud is often damaged. Almost immediately it begins to build a new process, which draws strength away from the main process.
Another equally popular method is to cut the stepchild with sharp scissors, and then leave a leaf on the top. In this case, the cut shoot will not interfere with full growth, but the growth of the bud can be stopped.
There is another way, when you cut the top of the stalk, which leaves 4 leaves. Their presence provides full nutrition. Next, it is necessary to remove the emerging leaves, preserving their optimal number.
Certain actions are carried out according to the classical method of stepgrassing.
Pruning the upper stems located above the bundle is carried out. When axillary shoots of the second order appear, they are completely removed.
The lower ones, located below the bunch, should be broken out completely. And it is also possible to go out of the leaf, removing branches of the second order.
Thinning of the grape bush should be gradual, as the autonomous mass increases. If you leave everything without thinning, it will be difficult to achieve a normal harvest. In this case, the bunches do not rise or have an uncharacteristic acidity of the variety.
Those who do not know how to thin grapes, it is worth listening to the advice of experienced grape growers:
All work related to the thickening of the bush, carry out in a timely manner.
Try to leave 2 to 5 leaves;
When pruning, inspect all shoots;
It is not recommended to break out the shoots completely.
It is necessary to calculate the number of stems on the shoot.
If the vine grows infrequently, 5 leaves may be left on the shoot.
It is advisable to remove the green shoots while they are still soft and have not grown or changed color. During this period, it is easy to break them without damaging the plant. When the procedure is carried out, the vine is usually done.
Regardless of how the pruning was done – in the form of breaking or using tools, such a procedure can lead to a weakening of the immunity of the vine. After the procedure, mandatory treatment with fungicides is recommended. If they appear on the bush, it is better to spray the bushes with a soda solution or potassium permanganate.
Removed touch of secluded green shoots will not give, it is better to throw them away, as they can be the cause of infection.
