Powdery on grapes: symptoms and combat methods of the fight

Powdery on grapes: symptoms and combat methods of the fight

Double Dew is one of the most common diseases in the garden and in the garden. Absolutely everything that the spores of the mushroom is done are determined. But it is caused by different types of mushrooms that infect certain plants. For example, the causal agent Oidium Tuckeri becomes the grapes. The fungus negatively on drives, leaves, flowers and berries significantly reduces the development of the plant and can even lead to trapping.

Another name for powdery dew on grapes is an Oidium or an ashtray. The spores of the mushroom tolerate the frosts well, while they are hiding under the trenches in the ground under the fallen leaves. In the late spring, when the temperature reaches +18 ° C, spores wake up and develop on the surface of the leaf. The development occurs faster with increased humidity. Therefore, the growth activation usually occurs after the rain.

Symptoms and periods of mildew development

The different manifestation of the Oidium depends on the season. In spring, if the fungus woke up, the grapes are covered with a light white raid that resembles flour (from where the name comes from). Due to the fact that the disease penetrates the cells of the plant and influences it, the access of nutrients is disturbed and the leaf dries. The badge gradually becomes dark because brown spots form underneath.

The affected grapes appear and darken until summer while the disease develops. Then crack and rot. At the time of the harvest, namely in autumn, there are very few berries and many of them are hit by mildew. So if you do not take medical measures and are even better preventive in order not to give an illness the slightest chance.

After the harvest, the last autumn top dressing and processing are carried out by diseases and pests. During autumn treatment, you cannot be afraid to use chemicals.

Frequent methods of fight

To prevent the appearance of mildew on grapes, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

• Remove plant remains and fallen fruits based on the base in good time.
• Get rid of the immediately fallen leaves.
• Abuse not with irrigation.
• Make sure that the vineyard is not monitored with weeds.
• In the event of a bush disease, change the whole earth around you and tear off and burn the affected leaves.

Use fungicides

In order to quickly and effectively eliminate the reports on grapes, you need to use chemical compounds to combat this disease. A wide range of fungicides is currently being presented that are perfectly completed by the task: Topaz, Acrobat CM, scor, vitaros and the like. They have to be divorced according to the instructions. As a rule, these are 20 g for 10 liters. Water. Plants must be processed by spraying. Due to the fact that you are unsure for one person, you have to work in a mask. Usually it is enough to get rid of the mushroom, but when the situation is started, you can process up to four times with an interval of 10 days.

Fungicide topaz fungicide “acrobat mc” vitaros

Important! You cannot process the grapes with fungicides while maturation of the berries. It is advisable to use organic substances or folk remedies.

One of the effective types of the fight is sulfur, which is well absorbed by the fungus in a dissolved form. The solution should be sprayed before sunrise or after sunset. If you use it for preventive purposes, you have to take 30 g for 10 liters. Water, and if it is therapeutic, 100 g of this amount are sufficient to process the entire vineyard.

advantages and disadvantages

The main advantage of chemicals is their rapid effect on the focus of the disease and a long time from preventing their appearance. However, all chemicals are toxic and can negatively affect human health. Therefore, manufacturers recommend extremely carefully with medication, do not exceed the defined doses and only follow the instructions. Another disadvantage is the addiction from parasites to the components.

Home remedy

The use of folk remedies for the treatment of mildew is only effective in the early stages or for the purpose of prevention. If the badge has not been discovered immediately, only fungicides can help.

1. 2 TBSP. l. Dry mustard and dissolves in 10 liters. boiling water. After cooling the solution, it is applied to damaged areas.
2. Contocking is a good remedy for plaque. 3 g are solved in 10 liters. Water and every 5 days are treated. Overall, they can spray three times.
3. Garlic solution is also an effective folk remedy not only against mildew, but also against insect pests. 25 g. The crushed garlic is poured 1 liter. hot water. Let the solution be brewed on grapes in one day.
4. The mullein helps from all types of mushrooms. Pour water into a ratio of 1: 3 and leave it in a dark place for 3 days. Then dilute 2 times with water and can be used to treat bushes.
5. Food soda 1 tablespoon. l. Dilger in 4 liters. Water. The solution is added to liquid laundry and well stirred. Process three times every week.

Advantages:

• Environmental friendliness;
• Accessibility of the components of the ingredients;
• A positive effect on a parasitic disease after several treatments.

Defects:

• small efficiency after the other;
• Creating a therapeutic mix sometimes takes a lot of time.

Sustainable variants

So that the grapes can resist the grapes regardless of illnesses, it is advisable to plant stable varieties such as Semilion, Aligota, examination of Negrul, Tabor.

Video review

Reviews by Gärtnern

Hope:

I love my vineyard because the most delicious juice is grape. So she was confused when she found powdery rope on the leaves. First, I didn’t recognize it at first. Well, badge and okay. And then when many clusters died, I decided to do something. In autumn I sprayed everything with Topaz, and then I will start preventive measures in spring.

Oidium on grapes – what is it and how to fight

The history of the cultural grapes is rooted in deep antiquity. The advent of plantations also seemed to see diseases that sometimes cause irreparable damage to harvesting and landings.

Mildew or Oidium on grapes – what is it, what is dangerous

The disease called Oidium or real mildew often affects vineyards all over the world. His pathogen is an Oidium Tuckeri mushroom, a specialized pathogen. This means that this microorganism can grow and multiply and are only in the tissue of the vine.

Oidium affects the above-ground organs of the plant that have chlorophyll-containing tissues: young shoots, leaves, inflorescences, fruits. The parasite belongs to xerophytes, the optimal conditions for its reproduction are hot, dry weather. The fungus that causes powdery mildew on grapes can only obtain nourishment from the living cells of the host organism.

Important! This type of parasitism is obligatory: the fungus immediately dies in picked infected leaves and cut off shoots.

How does it look in grapes?

Oidium on grapes is fairly easy to identify. Diagnosis of the disease is carried out visually. When examining the vine for damage from powdery mildew, the condition of the leaves, shoots, inflorescences, berries is noted.

leaves

The outside of the leaf blade is coated with a whitish, powdery fungal coating that grays over time. Severely affected leaves turn yellow, then die, but do not fall off. The plant loses its assimilation area and becomes weaker.

shoots

On the shoots, the disease manifests itself in the form of a whitish coating, dark spots that grow and gradually connect with each other. Young shoots can be completely covered with flowers. The development of the fungus leads to the destruction of tissues, this leads to a violation of the guiding function of the stem, the growth of shoots is disrupted. Affected shoots suffer more from frosts, grow more slowly in the spring, the leaves on them are curly and painful.

inflorescences

A powdery coating also appears on the affected inflorescences, the flowers wither and fall off.

Berry

The symptoms of oidium damage to grape fruits depend on the stage of ripeness at which the disease appeared. The most vulnerable are young grapes with a sugar content of no more than 8%. Such fruits are covered with flowers and dry up.

If the berries are infected at a later stage of ripening, they will continue to grow and reach the size characteristic of the variety. The disease in this case is manifested by cracking of the skin of the fruit, its deformation up to the inversion of the seeds.

Other manifestations of oidium on berries: dark spots under the skin, mesh pattern, corking of individual areas.

Important! Berries affected by powdery mildew are more susceptible to other diseases, such as various types of rot.

Where does Oidium come from?

The pathogen overwinters in micellar form in the kidneys between the scales. On fallen leaves – in the form of a closed fruiting body (cleistothecia). The spores of the sexual reproduction of the fungus, which mature in the fruiting bodies, cause a primary infection in the spring. The mycelium that has overwintered in the bud infects the entire shoot that emerges from it.

During the season, there is also cross-infection with conidia (spores of asexual reproduction), which are easily carried by the wind from diseased plants to healthy plants. Conditions are optimal for germination of conidia in a new place – no precipitation, 60-80% humidity, temperature +20 ° C. The incubation period directly depends on the temperature and lasts from one to two weeks.

Current methods resist processing berries during the ripening period

The fight against parasitic fungi must be comprehensive. It cannot be postponed, otherwise the result will be temporary and after a while the war will have to start all over again. There are several ways to get rid of it: chemical and biological preparations of industrial production, folk remedies to destroy the fungus.

Agrochemicals in the fight against powdery mildew on grapes

Modern chemical industry creates many drugs that help preserve crops and save vineyards from diseases. How and how to process when the signs of oidium appear on the grapes choose the owner of the plantation. The effectiveness of drugs is different, and the ability to work together.

The following remedies are most commonly used:

• Tiovit Jet. The most popular systemic fungicide. The active substance of the drug disrupts the metabolic processes in the cells of the fungus, causing its death. Belongs to the third class of danger to humans, animals, beneficial insects.
• squares Reliably fights overturning mushrooms, although it is not poisonous. It can be treated during fruiting. The term between the most recent processing and harvest is no more than 25 days. Brush in September, bunches of powdery mildew can be processed in August. The maximum number of processing per season is 3. Kill mushrooms, their disputes.
• Topaz, Ke. Systemic pungicide specially formulated to combat the root cause of oidium. It is absorbed into the conductive system and spreads throughout the facility. I offer long protection. It begins to act already 2-3 hours after processing. It is recommended to use freshly prepared.
• order A two-component drug with a systemic effect. Allows you to eliminate the fungus. Protects against all underlying diseases. Used as a medicine and preventive agent. It doesn’t get used to parasites.

Biological methods of struggle

The environmentally friendly way to combat Oidium is the systemic microbiological drug – Fitosporin-M. The active substance in the product is a bacterial strain of the Bacillus subtilis species.

Real bacteria of the drug penetrate the tissues of the plant and spread through its vascular system. The causative agent of powdery mildew is suppressed by Bacillus subtilis important products with fungicidal oligopeptides.

Important! Phytosporin is safe to use at any stage of grape development. The harvest remains safe even if the treatment with the drug is carried out on the day of its collection.

The culture of existing bacteria remains viable in the temperature range fro m-50 to +40 ° C. Under undesirable conditions, as soon as the environment becomes favorable, these microorganisms form disputes and revive the bacteria and resume the fight against fungi.

The only thing that Bacillus subtilis is afraid of is direct sunlight, therefore phytosporin processing is carried out exclusively in cloudy weather or at dusk.

As prevention of powdery mildew on grapes, the following periods are carried out with phytosporin:

1. Neck of the kidneys and the appearance of young leaves.
2. blooming
3. The fall of the petals. During this period, an improved treatment with a working solution of double concentration is carried out.

In addition to antifungal effects, phytosporin, thanks to the composition of humic acids, increases the soil and increases the vitality of the vine.

Folk methods in treatment

The established method – the use of hummus. In a barrel with a volume of 100 liters, 1/3 is covered with humus. Warm water is poured to the edges, the container is tightened with a dense fabric and left this for seven days. Sprinkled from the vine is sprinkled with strained infusion. Frequency of processing: twice for vegetation with an interval between processes of 7 days. You can additionally spray if there are signs of infection with powdery mildew.

You can treat the vine with food soda. 1 tablespoon of soda and 0.5 teaspoon of soap are diluted in 4 liters of water. The solution is sprayed from the bushes three times with a break of 7 days.

Precautions

Combating Oidium will not be successful without an integrated approach and preventive measures.

• Cultivation of mildewing varieties and hybrids of grapes.
• Sanitary cut and thinning of the plantation. Landungen should be well ventilated. Old, sick leaves that touch the ground must be cut off.
• Early preventive spraying with nitraphs (3 %) or DNOC (1 %). The reception enables you to kill hibernated spores.
• The choice of phosphorus potassium fertilizers for top dressing. Top dressing should be excluded during an epidemic.

Important! It is also necessary to spray the shrubs 6-7 times with a 1% solution to the Bordeaux mixture.

Mildew’s grape varieties

In order not to have to fight the real mildew for long, you can plant varieties in your garden that do not shy away from this disease:

• Zaporozhye Sultanine. The variety is popular in Europe and Asia. Mainless berries. A versatile variety with good grip resistance.
• Antonius the Great. Wide variety of table. Resistant to frost, real mildew. Berries with a weight of up to 17 grams.
• Diet blue. Perfectly adapted to the climate of the Mittelgasse, short ripening time. Resistant to Oidium and other infections.
• Rochefort. Early ripening fros t-resistant variety. Small blue berries with a harmonious taste. Shows good resistance to real mildew, subject to preventive treatment.
• Zaporozhischer giant. Large violet berries, excellent resistance to frost and real mildew.

Real mildew or Oidium is a fungal infection that is a threat to the harvest and planting grapes. Serious consequences can be avoided by preventing measures, strict observance of agricultural technology, processing technology and an integrated approach in the fight against the disease.