Preparation of grapes for winter: secrets of processing in autumn before protection
The production of a vineyard for cold weather is a mandatory stage of cultural agricultural technology. A certain measure complex strengthens the immunity of the plant and offers forces for harvesting next year.
The article shows you how to prepare a vineyard properly for the winter and which processes are particularly important for plants.
Rules for preparing a vineyard for winter
The processing of grape bushes from protection consists of several phases. The main campaigns are sanitary and preventive work and top dressing.
Cut
The autumn trimming of grapes is necessary to form a bush, the correct ratio of ground and underground parts and the removal of sick shoots.
Advantages of trimming in autumn:
- Reduction of the crown for the convenience of protection;
- Stimulation of the early bloom of the kidneys;
- Quick healing of wounds.
The main disadvantage of pruning is the high probability that freezing and brittleness of the tip of a shortened shoot was frozen and only then carried out by Morozov in late autumn.
The best time to remove unnecessary grapes on the grapes is after the first frosts when the vine matures and the juice movement slows down. Active yellowing and falling foliage indicate the production of the plant for the remaining period.
Important! Young drives do not grow up too early, they dry, they dry or their kidneys form late and give a lean harvest. They are also often susceptible to infections.
The bushes planted this year do not cut, but just remove no n-fallen leaves.
irrigation
If in autumn after the harvest it is not raining or you are insignificant, moistur e-free irrigation is carried out. It will supply water until the next summer and in the moments of the drought. The floor, saturated with water, does not crack from frosts, protects the roots from damage.
The duration of irrigation for varieties of the season in the middle of the season is in mid-October-November. Late varieties are stopped 30 days before the harvest.
Sand floors require a lower amount of water, but dry out faster. Tone leans are irrigated less often, but more often, taking into account the groundwater depth.
In the evening, plants are watered in prepared basal elderly if there are no irrigation pipes. Water should flow slowly without falling on the leaves and the stems. The wetting depth lies within 1-1.5 m in the morning.
If the protection of the bushes is not planned for the winter, irrigation takes place after leafing. In the opposite situation, already irrigated plants are watered.
Top dressing
At the time of maturation of the grape harvest, it exhausted its nutrient reserves. Autumn fertilizers based on potassium, phosphorus and trace elements will prepare the wintering. An adequate level of nutrients will restore the strength for the future vegetation period and strengthen the flower buds.
Processing through diseases and pests
The autumn destruction of hibernation types of pests and pathogens will preserve the health of the bush by spring and during the vegetation period. Treatment and preventive treatment are carried out before protecting winter. It will reduce the number of parasites and pathogens that dig the earth around the grapes.
Protection
Grape protection in front of frosts is an mandatory measure. The root system is most susceptible, it is particularly carefully isolated. If the soil freezes under an unprotected bush t o-5 ° C, the risk of death of the plant will increase significantly. The fraud of the floor parts of the bush will reduce the quality and number of future grape berries.
However, the first autumn frosts should not be rejected – this has a positive effect on the frost resistance of the system. The insulation is carried out at stable negative temperatures: during the day 1-5 ° C frost up to 7 ° C.
The most popular wine house means:
- Kiefer or spruce;
- Straw;
- Earth;
- Ruberoid, film, not upscale material.
When to process grapes in autumn
The grape processing takes place after the full collection of berries that fall out of the leaves and close the kidneys. The maximum infectious background is observed during this time. First, the cropping of the drives from the sanitary is carried out, then the bush is sprayed with various solutions. Early varieties are mainly processed to stop the spread of pathogens on neighboring bushes.
How to feed the vine
Autum n-Top dressing begins in the third year of the life of the vines. The main macro elements are phosphorus and potassium. For immunity, zinc, copper, magnesium trace elements must be part of fertilizers.
An example of a complex mineral mix per 10 liters of water:
- 20-25 g superphosphate;
- 25 g potassium sulfate or 10 g potassium salt;
- 1 g boric acid, 1-2 g zinc sulfate.
The granulate is thoroughly dissolved in 1 liter of warm water and then pour a uterine concentrate into the rest of the water. The resulting solution is 1 SQ. M vineyard.
The dry use of mineral fertilizers is possible. The mixture is distributed into the trunk area and it is watered down or dig deep.
Relation. Not the most exhausted floor can be fed with 300 g for every bush. It contains a lot of potassium, trace elements, neutralizes the acid of the soil and frightens harmful insects. The ashes are introduced in dry form during the autumn ditch, or a weekly infusion of 10 liters is made.
It may introduce organic materials that improve breathing activity, the microbiological composition of the soil, the structure looser. In this function they are suitable:
- A lazy manure, diluted in a ratio of 1: 4. Pro 1 SQ. M is enough 8-10 liters of such a solution.
- Bird litter. For 10 days it is soaked in water in a part of 1: 4 and placed in a warm place. Before entering the ground, it is also diluted with water to a ratio of 1:10.
- Well rotted. It is poured with a layer of 5 cm below the grape bush and sprinkled with earth.
To spray as grapes from protecting winter
The autumn spray is a mandatory measure of cultural protection and the stimulation of its fruit system next season. At this point, the use of aggressive means is allowed to aim to destroy diseases and pests and not to limit their development.
The use of chemical compositions
Most modern insecticides that successfully perform their pest control functions are used in spring and autumn. Contact and systemic medication are divided into medication. The chemical effect of the former is based on the direct destruction of insects and their descendants.
Examples of popular drugs:
- “Akari”;
- “Avant”;
- “Confix”;
- “Travertine”.
The problem is that the pests are often resistant to chemicals. In this case, system insecticides help because they penetrate the deep tissue of plants and do not allow to eat insects that wake up in spring.
Well established:
- “Aktara”;
- “Commander”;
- “Calypso”;
- “Biotllit”.
Acarcide are used to combat all types of ticks.
Examples:
- “Antelik”;
- “Neuron”;
- “Freemason”;
- “Pass on.”
Pests often hide in the ground, in cracks on the cortex of the vine, in the basal soil.
Functional is used to combat fungal and virus diseases. Contact protection preparations are suitable for autumn spraying:
- “Fundazole”;
- “Euparens”;
- “Denka”;
- “Kuprotox”;
- “Strobi”;
- “Bayleton”;
- “Nitrate.”
“Ridomil Gold” and “Topaz” – compositions with a strong therapeutic and preventive mechanism. They are mainly used for autumn processing because they can accumulate in berries.
The use of folk remedies
Many folk protection methods are not inferior to industrial drugs – the effects of such funds have been verified and confirmed by years of practice.
Copper sulfate
Copper sulfate is one of the least poisonous medication. It destroys pathogens and disinfects the plant for a long time. The solution is produced in warm water in a part of 1:50. The composition is suitable for 5 hours, then loses useful properties and changes the structure.
The processing takes place after a leaf fall in two stadiums with an interval of three weeks before frost. The bushes and the floor are completely sprayed. Copper sulfate forms a breathable film for shootings, which also contributes to maintaining the heat.
Bordeaux liquid
The Bordeaux fluid is particularly effective of black rot, anthracnosis and a number of other mushrooms. The finished composition is sold in garden transactions, but you can cook yourself. The maximum safe concentration for grapes is 3%.
For the solution you need:
- 10 liters of water;
- 450 g negative lime;
- 300 g copper sulfate.
In no n-metallic dishes, Soporos are diluted separately and 1 liter of boiling water. Both liquids are filtered and poured into a common container, constantly stirring up to a homogeneous state. The concentrated solution is added to the rest of the water volume.
About 1 liter of the finished liquid goes to a bush.
urea
A universal product for feeding and protection is urea. It prevents the distribution of boys, aphids, copper women and trunk beetles.
500-700 g urea are absorbed on a bucket of water and thoroughly solved without sediment. Spray bushes 1-1.5 months before the first frosts.
Soda with potassium perpetrator
Soda and potassium perhanging solutions struggle with powder mildew, gray rot, oidium and eliminate the caterpillars. In addition, they act as growth stimulants, rejuvenate the grape bush and improve the taste of the berries.
For a solution of potassium perpetrators, 1 g of potassium perpencies is taken for 200 ml of water. If you add boric acid, you will receive an excellent basal top dressing with microelements.
Sod a-antimytotika solution is made from:
- 1 TBSP. l. Backsoda;
- 1 TBSP. l. Vegetable oil;
- 100-200 ml of liquid detergent.
All components are mixed in 10 liters of water. The composition is harmless and applicable in every season.
How do you process grapes from protecting winter?
The wine vine must be prepared before inserting the cold weather. One of the most important preparatory sales is the processing of chemical and other substances.
Spraying helps culture to survive the winter more easily, survive frosts, nourish and protect. We will find out how grape processing occurs in autumn before protecting winter and get to know all the nuances of the process.
What is the processing for?
The main purpose of the autumn processing of the vine is to prepare them for the upcoming winter cold. The plant must be reliably protected against diseases and pests, rodents during wintering.
In the bark, grape shoots, many masks, microbes – and if they hibernate on the plant, this invasion can weaken or even destroy the vine in spring. In order to avoid such a fate, it will be sprayed in autumn. Spring processing is also not canceled.
In addition to protection against pests, treatment with preparations in autumn helps to free the vine of mushrooms and mold.
Events
Chemical preparations for the processing of grapes in autumn should only be used after the vine has completely dropped the foliage.
This period falls in different regions at different times:
- In this way, it can be sprayed in the north and in Siberia at the beginning of October;
- in the middle lane in the second half of October;
- In the south only in November.
At the time of spray, the kidneys should already be completely closed. This is an important point, since incompletely closed buds can burn under the influence of “chemistry”. Then you will not see a good harvest next season.
Spray the vine normally after pruning. If the intervention is carried out before circumcision, drug use will be much larger.
Important: Do the process only in dry weather, as moisture and rain make spraying senseless, you can quickly rinse all traces of drugs from the vine. In the event of continuing rainy weather, it is necessary to find a period in which it does not rain for at least 4-5 hours: this time is enough to record the preparations.
Next we will look at the most basic preparations for spraying grapes in detail, find out the characteristics of their use and what problems they protect from.
Squid
This drug is used more often than others for autumn processing of the vine. It is not so popular in spring because it inhibits opening ovaries. But it can also make sense at the beginning of the season: some experienced gardeners use it to protect the vine from recurring frosts.
The main purpose of iron sulfate is to protect grapes from mold and oidium damage. It is known that these two diseases are the most dangerous and most common for grapes.
In addition, spraying with iron sulfate protects the plant from the occurrence of putrefaction and mold. Similar problems occur frequently when the vine hibernates.
There are also warnings regarding the use of iron sulfate. Therefore, gardeners who live in a cold climate are afraid to use this tool in autumn. There are opinions and experiences confirmed by practice that the vine becomes more fros t-sensitive under the influence of iron sulfate.
Usage tips
Loosen iron sulfate in water, not cold, but hot. In this case, the container should either be made of glass or plastic, but not made of metal.
A solution of the drug in a ratio of 300-500 g per bucket of water is suitable for autumn processing (a concentration of 3-5% is obtained). A three percent solution is recommended for healthy vines. But if the grapes were sick in the current season, you should spray them with 5% iron sulfate.
If the plants are still young, it is better to use a concentration of 1% of the drug in order not to weaken or burn the seedlings.
Remember that after spraying the wine with iron sulfate gets dark for a while. You should not be afraid of the reaction, after the proper time the plant returns to the usual color.
Copper sulfate
This is the least harmful of the garden chemicals. Despite the soft effect, copper sulfate is very effective, copes with many diseases, especially well against the fungus and the putrefaction. Note that the medication even, after it has remained in a certain amount in fruits or soil, will not harm a person and nature.
It is recommended to use the product after the fallen leaves have been completely removed and burned from the location.
Thanks to the proper preparation, copper sulfate will effectively cope with its task and destroy dangerous microorganisms and larvae on the plant. In addition, the drug forms a film on the surface of the plant and helps Loza to survive the cold better.
Tips for use
The autumn processing of grapes with copper sulfate is carried out in two phases: the distance between the steps is three weeks. It is necessary to have time before the cold is hit in the region.
The product is divorced into 50 parts of water in the ratio of 1 part of the substance (usually half a glass of dry suspension per bucket). Note that the water should be warm and the substance should disturb it until it is completely solved. It is important that no grains and crystals are left: otherwise the vines are possible.
In order to improve the effect of the drug, gardeners often add a voltage lime.
It is important to use the work solution within five hours after cooking. If you delay longer, the solution loses most of its effectiveness. In addition, Kuporos is also settled with large flakes in water, which contributes to reliably evaluating the holes of the spray gun.
The consumption of the product is 2 liters of the work solution per bush.
Soda solution
In this case, soda is used in combination with potassium perpetrator – the solution helps to reliably save grapes before the risk of infection with diseases and pests. The means of driving from grapes helps from accidents such as Oidium, gray putrefaction and mildew.
Soda, separated from potassium perhanging, also relieves the plant of caterpillars. In addition, this secure tool helps to make the taste of berries sweeter.
Preparation tips
In order to process the vine in autumn, it is recommended to prepare a functioning solution that consists of:
- 1 TBSP. Provision of food soda;
- Water bucket (10 l);
- 1 TBSP. Tablespoon of ordinary vegetable oil;
- Glasses (200 ml) tool for washing dishes or soap solution.
We strongly recommend spraying the cloudy day.
lime
Fingelers are used to spray in the autumn of the grape bush to get lime or fur. This is an old, traditional, completely safe and effective method to protect the vine from various infections, parasites.
purpose of use
The solution is manufactured and breeds the lime of the negative in water: in this way the substance is deleted. The proportions are as follows: they take a kilogram of lime for a tw o-proof water volume.
A concentrate is diluted and a work solution is made before use, which adds a bucket of water (10 l) to the concentrate. It is necessary to stir the product correctly so that there is no strong sediment on the ground.
The shoots should be processed with lime. The drug protects the shoots, including mold.
urea
This drug is used as a fertilizer and as a protective agent from different accidents. Urry fabric is particularly effective in pests: trunk beetles, aphids, copper women can warn the steam.
How do I apply?
To process the grapes, prepare a solution of 500-700 grams of dry matter per bucket (10 liters) water.
It is necessary to spray the grape bush entirely with urea. The procedure is carried out for a month and a half before the first frosts are expected.
In addition to spraying with urea (urea), grapes can also be fed. For this purpose, a dry preparation is dripped into the root circle for about half a meter deep.
Bordeaux fluid
This drug is available to every gardener due to its rare versatility and effectiveness.
Bordeaux mixture effectively copes with such dangerous diseases as:
- Melanosis;
- Black rot;
- Anthracnosis and others.
How do I apply?
You can buy the medication ready or make yourself at home. If you choose the second option, remember that the mixture must be diluted on a concentration of 3%, otherwise the plant burns.
To get a solution to the Bordeaux mixture, you have to mix:
- Burntalk – 450 gr;
- Copper sulfate – 300 gr;
- 10 liters of water.
First, vitriol is loosened in hot water as expected, then cold water is poured into the solution. The same happens with lime. It is important to dilute medication only in plastic or glass containers: no metal should be used.
After mixing the liquids, they are filtered separately and united with constant stirring. The result is a functioning solution that perfectly protects the grapes from adversity.
In addition to autumn injections, Bordeaux can also be used smoothly in spring and summer, but not more than five times a year.
Other drugs
In addition to the funds already listed above, other fungicides, insecticides and acaricides can also be used when processing the grapes. Fungicides are needed to prevent diseases of a different kind, insecticides protect against pests, acaricides – from ticks.
Among the fungicids preparations are primarily estimated to protect the vine from mildew.
Can be used:
- Ridomil;
- Kartozid;
- Cuproksat;
- Folpan and other means.
The following drugs are recommended to get ready with the dangerous and insidious real mildew:
At the same time, preparations against mildew protect the grapes from other fungal diseases. Colloidal sulfur helps against iodine, anthracnosis and protects against ticks.
Insecticides effectively kill aphids, beetles and caterpillars. You can use tools:
- Inta-vir;
- fatal;
- Actellik;
- Thiovit;
- Phosbecid.
Insecticide is also useful to combat pests.
As an acarizide, it is good to use a safe means – a solution made of green potato tips in water. Water should be a bucket and vegetables – 2 kg. Before using the solution against spider mites, you must insist on it.
As far as chemistry is concerned, the following acaricide preparations help against ticks:
Tips
In addition to chemicals, gardeners often and willingly use folk methods to process grapes and prepare for the winter. Such remedies are good because they are completely natural and safe and have fully demonstrated their high effectiveness with lon g-term use.
For example, you can use a pussy made of freshly cut hay at mildew. In addition, the hay should be in the compost to the moldy, complete maturation.
Only then is the hay poured over with water and used as a means of treating the vine. Treatment with iodine solution helps with coping with gray columns. Iodine should be 5%.
After the entire processing has been completed, the grapes must be covered. Unless, of course, it is very warm regions – cultivated there and you can definitely hibernate in the open air.
In other regions, however, the vine is removed from the trellis and either placed on the floor or in special grooves. From above the whips are covered with soil, sack linen. With a very frosty climate, it is advisable to cover the root circle with agrofiber.
Before they cover the vine, it must also be fed. And also pour deep so that the floor is moistened up to a depth of 80-100 cm. If the floor is not thrown properly, the roots of the grapes can freeze in winter.
Top dressing is carried out with potassium, superphosphate and a mixture of boric acid, potassium perpetrator and zinc sulfate. All dry ingredients are dissolved in a bucket with ten liters of water.
So we familiarized ourselves with the special features of the autumn processing of grapes before we protected them for winter. The procedure is not the simplest but necessary: a properly carried out autumn processing allows the vine to hibernate and protect against pests and dangerous diseases.
