How to fertilize grapes in autumn

Features of feeding grapes in autumn

Traps of each variety require top dressing. It is necessary to obtain a high harvest and the full maturation of the vine.

Why feed?

The autumn top dressing is divided into Prances and seasonally. The simplest way to the plant is to put prepared cuttings into the ground. This happens after all leaves fly around in the vineyard. The landing of no n-cheeky cuttings requires maximum soil fertility that can be preserved in your region.

Even if the cuttings are the stages of rooting in pots with a peat sand mixture, which is also enriched with compost and mineral additives.

Types of fertilizers

Fertilizers are complex substances that have been created to accelerate the further growth and development of cultivation plants and to increase their productivity.

If you do not use fertilizers that only rely on plant residues and waste that remain, for example, after cleaning vegetables for the preparation of different dishes (mostly this happens next year), grapes give considerably grated fruits.

Minerals, despite the fact that the connections of potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus are organic substances that are required for the mass content (percentage) of the same potassium, nitrogen or phosphorus. No less important for culture and organic substances.

mineral

The mineral fertilizers that are useful for the development and spread of grape plants include nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and complex additives.

Despite an important role in the development of grape culture plantings, nitrogen additives are not recommended in autumn. The fact is that the connections in which nitrogen is present accelerates the growth of the green biomass. If the vineyard has developed and bred in the tropical zone, where there is practically no frosts and the temperature does not drop below +15, the grapes (and all other plants) can be fed with nitrogen all year round.

After you have done the same under Russian conditions (a mediu m-heavy belt, high probability of at least small and not very long frost in winter), you can encounter the grape vice The protective expansion plays the most important role in the successful overcoming of the bush. This is the spread of annual shoots.

Without logification, the green whip freezes in the first winter, it is worth it under +12, and the vine does not get any increase in growth. This will slow down his further development and finally use inappropriate fertilizers, be it minerals or organic substances. Without getting an increase in the growth of the vine, the grape system will develop. Nitrogen can only be used in spring and not in autumn.

potassium

Potassium feed additives are complex substances that are responsible for the success of the hibernation of the vine. Potassium is a chemical element that accelerates the formation of more inflorescences, the setting up of the roles and their maturation. Potassium compounds do not let the fruits on your hands crack, you can support the plant for some time with a sudden drought.

An inadequate amount of potassium leads to the drying of leaves and stems. Sulfate potassium, calimagnesia are used as popular additives for grapes (includes an additional dose of magnesium). For grapes, it is undesirable to use chlorin e-containing salts (potassium chloride, etc.). Most of the time they are used in conjunction with phosphorm medication.

phosphorus

Phosphate – compounds that have a significant positive effect on the initially formed flowers. They take part in the formation of rudimentary berries, their maturation. Ordinary superphosphate additives are used on every floor. When using the planting of grape bushes from acidified land in superphosphate additives, a small amount of chalk is introduced with which you can desoxidate the soil.

Flashed lime is also used together with the chalk. The double superphosphate contains half (by mass of the drug) of phosphoric acid. In contrast to simple phosphates, chalk, plaster and lime are not used in double superphosphate. Another fertilizer is used for excessively acidified earth – phosphorus powder that contains almost a quarter of phosphor oxide.

complex

For example, it is a potassium of resentment – this is the simplest connection that contains both potassium and nitrogen. More complex connections can contain nitrates, phosphorus and ammonium (nitroammofosk), they can be combined with the same potassium nitrate. The dosage is selected in accordance with the recommendations of experienced farmers who are closely involved in growing fruit, berries and vegetables for the nutritional needs of the population.

In the simplest case, minerals can be obtained. Unnecessary organic substances are burned, the end product is ash. There is also azofoska (nitrogen phosphorus, such as the name, fertilizer), nitrofosk (approximately the same, only different than different), ammophos (ammonium salts and phosphorus-containing compounds).

For the autumn top dressing, nitroge n-containing complexes are already determined: they do not let the vine for the winter and to push the growth of green shots to the first frosts, which is not acceptable.

Organic

In most cases, organic fertilizers are introduced in autumn. It does not matter whether land will be prepared for planting grape bushes next year or will be fertilized near the already planted vines. Organic compositions also contain a certain amount of macro and trace elements, so that the structure of the soil improves significantly. With these elements you can quickly give heat and absorb, attach oxygen, oxidize in the composition of the same floor, maintain moisture and develop usable microflora. In autumn, organic substances are only inserted on the spot in the process of the trench of the soil and captured on the upper layers of the earth.

• Compost – plant residues that were processed into the simplest organic compounds. They are used in combination with peat.
• One of the most highly productive fertilizers is fertilizer. The content in only fertilized soil enables you to prepare the substrate phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium, which also contains useful microbes.

Due to the presence of nitrogen-containing compounds, the top dressing with manure, feces, royal candle or compost is only permitted if the vine drops and “falls asleep”. In contrast to horse manure, on e-litter is able to quickly desoxidate the ground.

When do you contribute?

After the harvest (and many grape varieties tires exactly in the calendar autumn), the vineyard is prepared in several work steps for wintering. This work is carried out for the winter before his shelter.

Total duration of the autumn fertilization:

• in Siberia and in the Urals – from August 15th;
• in the Moscow region – from September 10th;
• In southern Russia, this work is postponed to October.

After fertilization, wate r-loading irrigation takes place.

Feeding scheme

Think about how to create the most popular formulations.

As you know, ashes do not contain any nitrogen compounds. It is rich in phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The shells of seeds and nuts that are burned to ashes in the oven are particularly rich in these elements. However, each type of ash contains some elements in much larger quantities. Dry spruce branches that are burned in the fire are rich in calizus rates, deciduous material that lies behind after the leaf fall is rich in phosphorus. Not every ash is suitable for the same season and for each of the grape varieties known today. Ash is inserted into the ground according to the following scheme.

Three hundred grams finished ashes (all coals must be removed) are poured into 10 liters of water. Exposure of the ash solution – at least one week. It is stirred daily to ensure a uniform mixing of the layers of water and ash fountains. The concentration of such a solution is only 3%, this is the norm.

A high concentration cannot be used: Too much ashes leads to an alkalization of the soil and the burns of the root system of the vineyard.

Both young and adult shrubs that have reached an age of more than 3 years are fertilized with this solution. To do this, up to 5 liters are poured under every bush. The supply of ash solution under the bushes can be reduced to 3 liters if you first pour it with clean water and, for example, a medical pipette, the reservoir of which is converted into a bottle, use this solution for additional irrigation.

If the infusion of the solution is not acceptable for any reason, ashes are poured in while the soil is grown. Earth is buried under a 7-centimeter layer and the bushes are watered so that it dissolves in the water cast. The autumn enrichment with the ash composition of the soil has a positive effect on growth and development of the vine for three years.

compost

The use of compost in combination with peat is possible if a 5 cm thick layer is embedded under a layer of earth at least 7 cm high. An alternative approach is also possible: the composition is distributed on the earth’s surface and filled with water. The casting takes place every time drying compost is found. As a result, it is so much decomposed that it supplies the soil with food for a long time.

Litter and crap

If you use a litter, proceed as follows.

1. Demolish the manure in a concentration of 25 % in terms of water. Let ferment at least 10 days in a warm place.
2. Dilute this solution 10 times, so that the confusion concentration is only 2.5 %. This limit cannot be exceeded.
3. Do not use more than half a liter per shrub.

Before that, all bushes with clean water must be watered without additives. The litter is inserted at most twice a autumn.

In the case of manure, the scheme for the use of this organic substance changes as follows:

1. Dilute manure that was overexposed in water for a concentration of 25% for 3 years;
2. insist for 10 days;
3. To water the bush, use up to 10 liters of solution.

Slurry cannot be used immediately in large quantities. It is a much more potent fertilizer than manure and compost.

Store-bought complex mineral fertilizers are applied according to the instructions.

recommendations

Manure, compost and manure must rot for at least three years. It is impossible to use a fresh product: even in a weak concentration, it burns the roots of the grape bush. The same recommendation applies to crops that are distinctly different from grapes. Compost (vegetables) is overexposed for the same three years for one purpose: it needs to decompose in the composter, and not in the soil, as extraneous, not fully rotted particles will prevent the root system of your chosen crop from germinating. In addition, unrotted compost in the ground does not decompose for 3, but for 10 or more years, while the soil becomes clogged with it and it becomes much more difficult to dig it up.

Beginners should understand a truth that concerns organic compounds of animal, not plant, origin. If you use freshly obtained horse manure, it will actively release ammonia and methane. And this, in turn, will cause significant damage to the vineyards because the roots of the vines cannot process the methane.

Old and young bushes are fed differently. The fact is that the agricultural technology of planting new grape seedlings in the soil already provides the initial overfertilization of the soil. If the black soil is thoroughly fertilized, organic matter will not be applied for at least 2 years. Organic matter is gradually added for 3 or 4 years, and mineral additives are added over the next year. If the feeding regimen is fully observed, the bushes will have time to accumulate a significant amount of nutrients by winter, which will allow the vine to overwinter without much difficulty.

Some additives, for example, mullein, do not allow the formation of pathogenic microflora, since they have already been brought to the desired state. In this organic material there is no life for pathogenic spores and microorganisms. But if in young bushes the process of enrichment with useful substances of the soil is greatly simplified, then in older bushes the situation is somewhat different.

In the fall, the old bush is additionally enriched with potash and phosphorus additives. They contribute to the accelerated lignification process of young one-year-old shoots, which initially grew quite green, soft and juicy. If the lignification of new lashes has passed over time, then such a bush will not lose them: they perfectly tolerate even moderate (up t o-12) and prolonged frosts.

If the necessary minerals were not enough to nourish the soil, for example, the necessary complex additives were not available nearby, then planting cover manure is permissible. After the harvest, peas or oats can be sown next to the bushes. Then the grown plants are pulled out and mixed with plowed land.

Thanks to this approach, the soil acquires additional fragility, which allows oxygen to penetrate deeper into the layers of earth below. Subsequently, the total weight of the grapes harvested from a vine increases.

All about grape feeding in the fall

Grapes are a southern crop. The distribution area is expanding every year. The vine is grown in home gardens of the middle lane, the Urals, Siberia and the Far East. To get beautiful full-bodied grapes, you need to properly care for the bush. One of the elements of care is autumn feeding of grapes.

Nutrient requirements of grapes

For a good harvest, a grape bush takes a lot of minerals from the soil. To balance its needs, feeding is carried out in the fall. It is necessary to feed the grapes with nutrients in the fall:

• to ripen the vine, which allows grapes to overwinter without damage;
• to get the best harvest for the next year;
• Since in spring with meltwater the minerals fall into the roots, which are deep;
• to reduce the incidence of the vine and destroy part of the pests;
• To protect the roots from freezing.

When fertilizers are introduced, the earth around the bush is dug up, which increases soil saturation with oxygen.

How can you feed?

In order to form a full crop for the next year, grape bushes are fed in organic and mineral fertilizers in the fall. Organics is widely used by grapes to feed bushes. It can be prepared independently, without material costs. With proper preparation and storage, it contains nutrients and trace elements necessary for the plant.

Organic Fertilizers

The ash consists of various trace elements (potassium, magnesium, calcium and others) that contribute to the maturation of the vine to create conditions for a good harvest for the next year. The bird litter contains elements necessary for the growth of strong shoots, which are important for obtaining full clusters of grapes. Yeast helps the growth of microflora and improves the composition of the soil around the bush.

Manure occupies a special place among organic fertilizers. It has all the minerals to get a full harvest. Microorganisms are introduced with it, which dissolve the soil and enrich it with oxygen. The compost from born leaves is an excellent fertilizer, especially in combination with mineral additives. For compost it is undesirable to use grape leaves infected with fungi and viruses. With compost, the disease is transmitted to healthy plants.

Mineral top dressing

Mineral fertilizers consist of elements necessary for full nutrition of plants. Potassium fertilizers are important:

• for the normal maturation of the vine;
• for growth and maturation of clusters;
• Help the grape bush survive the lack of water;
• With excess moisture, they do not allow the fruiting of grapes;
• With a lack of potassium, the leaves fall out prematurely.

It is commonly used to fertilize the soil with a mixture of potassium salt (42%) and potassium sulfur (50%). Phosphorus fertilizers are needed by plants for abundant flowering and binding of full hard clusters. Superphosphate Superphosphate (22%), double superphosphate (50%), suitable for autumn top dressing are sold. It is best to work together potassium and phosphorus fertilizers in the fall.

Famous complex fertilizers such as Ammophos, Azofoska and others have a large amount of nitrogen, which in the fall unnecessarily causes the growth of young shoots. They are not introduced independently, but used in mixtures with organic fertilizers. Manufacturers produce a wide range of mixtures of organic and mineral fertilizers with the addition of trace elements. Their composition is selected specifically for grapes, so the gardener will not have problems with the choice of top dressing and will not calculate the correct ratio.

Incoming trace elements necessary for the growth of the bush contribute to:

• Rapid growth of roots, increases their mass;
• normal development of the grape bush;
• increased resistance to diseases and pests;
• increase in beneficial microorganisms in the soil;
• A decrease in the effect of herbicides on a cultivated plant.

The conditions of entry

When planting grapes, a sufficient number of different organic and mineral fertilizer is inserted into the earth. The nutrient supply enables the bush to grow 2 years without top dressing. The autumn top dressing has been carried out for normal growth since the third year. Fertilizers are introduced in autumn after harvesting grapes and depends on a series of factors.

Harvest time:

• Early varieties are fed in August-September;
• Late in September to October.

Place of the growing grapes:

• in the northern regions – in August;
• In the middle lane of the European part of Russia in southern Siberia in September of the Urals;
• In the southern regions – in October.

The composition of the soil.

• Sandy require annual fertilizers because minerals can easily be washed into deep layers of the earth. You have to do twice: immediately after removing the cluster and with a decrease in the average daily air temperature to +8 degrees, but with frost. This fully supplied bushes with nutrients.
• Plants that are grown on sandy floors can be fertilized in one year. It is desirable to feed in 2 levels.
• Tonländer are well kept in the composition of minerals. Top dressing can be carried out every 3 years.

The autumn top dressing is not carried out in front of the grapes for the winter because it loses its relevance. With frosts up t o-7 degrees Celsius that freeze soil, the nutrients do not reach the roots, in spring the tops are washed off with melting water.

How do I do right?

To make the top dressing around the bush, it is advisable to dig a groove of about 25 cm deep and 50 cm wide. This allows nutrients to get into the deep layers of the soil. At the same time, the roots are removed in the upper layers, which will lead to a strong growth of the boys. This will increase the grape yield.

Under a tw o-yea r-old young grape bush, organic fertilizers are first used when adding minerals. This is necessary for the formation of a strong vine that is overwhelmed without damage. The old bush needs more mineral fertilizers, which includes potassium and phosphorus to form a bark for drives and protection against frost.

Standards and methods of the fertilizer.

• Mineral fertilizers are used under grapes according to the instructions. It shows the timing and the standards for every kind of top dressing. In autumn you will be presented to 1 square. M approximately 55 g superphosphate and potassium sulfate.
• Sprinkled with ash at a speed of 100 g per 1 square. M or water ash with an infusion of 5 liters under the bush. In order to obtain infusion in a water bucket, 300 g of ashes are stirred and exist for a week.
• The compost is poured, dug and watered with a thickness of at least 5 cm around the bush.
• 1 kg of bird droppings are diluted in 4 liters of water, for 10 days the infusion moves in the heat. After the diluted with water in a concentration of 1 to 10 and 0.5 liters, watered for every bush.
• The Gail is fertilized by grape bushes at a speed of 1 bucket per 1 square meter.
• You can make a mixture of organic and mineral fertilizers. It consists of 4 kg humus, 50 g simple superphosphate, 10 g potassium chloride.

The floor around the bush and scattered fertilizer must dig carefully and turn well with water. When fertilizers are placed in the grooves, they are covered with earth and watered abundant.

It is necessary that the nutrients penetrate the roots deep into the ground.

Tips for beginners

• Fertilizers that contain a large amount of nitrogen are not used in autumn. They can cause young shoots to grow, and the vine has no time to prepare for winter frosts.
• Fertilizers must be made according to the recommendations. Excess substances harm the plant more than him.
• It is better to use mixtures of fertilizers for grapes, observing the optimal combination of required fertilizers. Such mixtures are on sale.
• Fertilizers are immediately after application to moist soil or watered.
• You can not plant grapes near each other, because grapes need a large area of ​​electricity, otherwise the clusters will be incomplete, and the berries will be small.
• You can not introduce fresh manure, because when it rots, ammonia and methane will be released, which will lead to the death of the plant.
• To prepare infusions for top dressing, chlorinated water cannot be used, since chlorine is harmful to plants.

A person’s efforts to care for grapes will not be in vain. Grapes cared for with love and following the recommendations give the grapes a full harvest of solar berries.