For what, when and how to soften grapes?
Pruning grapes is an important step in the care of the vine, which is the cutting of the upper part of the shoots. Properly carried out the procedure will help to increase the yield, accelerate the growth of the grape bush and improve the quality of the ripe bunches.
What is grape propagation?
Many novice grape growers wonder what grape pipping is, since this procedure is not mandatory when growing the crop. It is the removal of the upper part of the shoots with underdeveloped leaves at about 35-40 cm.
The grape shoots are shortened to the first few normal leaves. Keep in mind that too short pruning, which leaves 4-6 leaves, can not fully enrich the bunch of grapes and saturate it with nutrients. This has a negative effect on the yield.
After the procedure, 13-16 healthy, fully developed leaves should be left on the flight.
The main purpose of munching grapes is to slow down the processes of active growth for 20-30 days and promote the redistribution of nutrients between the various organs of the plant.
Munching grapes – basic rules and benefits
Before pruning grapes, it is necessary to get acquainted with the main features and subtleties of the procedure, because mistakes made have a negative impact on the growth of the vine and the yield. The technique of pruning is similar to pruning, but unlike the branches, the removed part of the shoot is noticeably larger.
To increase the size of the grape bunches in the bunches also spend a dime – it helps to overload the plant with ripe crops. As a result of this procedure, the fruits on the vine are formed and ripen in a timely manner.
During the procedure, the orders that have grown on the central perennial trunk are removed. Also under what is made a coin on the twigs on the fruit arrows and replacement branches.
The main benefits of husking grapes are:
- Redistributing nutrients to “dormant” buds and bunches;
- Protection of plants from active formations and fungal infections;
- Full ventilation and even exposure of the vines to sunlight;
- accelerated ripening of young shoots;
- Preparation of young branches for wintering.
In most cases, millet is carried out on grapes with a medium age of maturity. Such varieties are characterized by the ability to quickly build up green mass. The maximum concentration of nutrients is spent precisely on the buildup of leaves, which leads to a delay in bunches ripening, which can last until the first frosts.
Timing of grape arrow emergence
Before laying grape tops, it is necessary to determine the timing of the procedure. The result depends on it. Pruning is carried out at the stage of suspension of the main growth of young vines.
The main sign of stunted growth can be considered an increase in the upper part of the shoots. With active growth, the shoots begin to bend and bend downward, as the shoot on one side is stronger and healthier.
Tiers of coining depend on the specific grape variety:
- Beginning – July 15 to August 10;
- Medium-late – August 1 to 15;
- Late – August 10 to 20.
If the grape crop is grown in a greenhouse or greenhouse, it is better to prune the boles in mid to late July on shoots taller than 90-100 cm and only if necessary.
Subsequent pruning of shoots is carried out in the second half of August and in the first week of October. Its purpose is to effectively compact the grapevine column.
Carrying out stamping.
Before pruning, it is necessary to think about how the stamping of vine shoots will be carried out. Most experienced gardeners and gardeners use pruning shears.
The basic steps of pruning and:
- Remove the top of each shoot that has 17-19 true leaves along its entire length;
- The removed shoot segment should contain up to 5-7 leaves;
- After pruning, pluck the leaves in several passes over the top brush – this will provide a larger size and richer berry color.
Twelve to 15 days after pruning, the stage of active stalk growth begins. This leads to the accumulation of nutrients and juices necessary for the active development and growth of dormant buds, as well as the formation of inflorescences for the next year.
If you graft grapes too early, the stems will begin to grow too quickly and use up all the nutrients by spring. This leads to early sprouting, weakening of the plant and a reduction in the number of buds.
When there are 5-7 mature stalk leaves, the stalks should be pruned to control their growth. Only leave 2 to 4 leaves.
This number is considered optimal so that the plant has time to develop and accumulate a sufficient concentration of nutrient juices and keep the dormant buds until spring.
Features of the procedure
In some cases, the manipulation should be carried out 2-4 times during the growing season when pruning some high-growing varieties of grapes. The first manipulation is carried out before the beginning of the flowering period. By this time, up to 10-13 true leaves are formed on each pruned vine.
Subsequent pruning of the bunch does not affect the shoots, but only the stems that emerge from the upper buds at a height of up to 7-8 cm. Such pruning in fast-growing varieties has a positive effect on grape ripening. It helps to prepare the plant shoots for frosts.
The cut shoots can be used for the benefit of the personal plot – burn and fertilize fruit bushes and trees with ashes. If the branches of grapes have been infected with fungi or other infections, they should be removed from the garden and burned. This is done to prevent further spread of the infection.
Contraindications to perching
Vine hunting does not always have a positive effect on the growth, development and yield of the plant. In some cases, this procedure is not recommended.
The main contraindications are:
- Hot, dry summers. Shortening shoots in this case can provoke superficial sunburns of leaves and grapes.
- Table varieties of grapes – most often these varieties are low-growing and have a minimum of green mass. Table varieties are better suited to bunting.
- Young vines. The shoots of such a plant are not yet mature enough for pruning. The stock of nutrients in them may not be enough for the winter.
- The vine grows on a special arch or arbor. Such plants do not need relief pruning. They already have strong and powerful shoots. Uniformly illuminated by sunlight and give a stable harvest.
- The crop is weakened by insect damage, fungal infections or other diseases.
Mowing grapes is a sensible process that has a positive effect on plant growth, fruit ripening, and the overall yield. There are basic nuances to be considered when conducting it. These include the grape variety, the location and characteristics of its growth, as well as the presence of contraindications.
All about shaping grapes
Many inexperienced gardeners, who planted several bushes of grapes on their plot, do not always know how to properly care for them. But in order to get a full-fledged harvest, it is necessary to take care of it, provide regular watering, spraying and other manipulations. If most breeders consider these procedures mandatory, then pruning or hunting is not carried out by all, although it is not always easy to achieve a full harvest without them. What gives the grapes hunting, how to properly carry out this procedure and at what time it should be carried out, let’s consider below.
advantages and disadvantages
The recommended procedure is considered hunting, which is the shortening of the disc to a length of up to 30 cm with 6-8 underdeveloped leaves on it. This is done with normal leaves by shortening the shoots. After a properly performed procedure, there should be about 15-16 full-fledged leaves on the shoots.
However, do not forget that too short pruning, which leaves a small number of leaves, grapes are not able to retain the necessary nutrients, which affects the taste of berries and yields.
The inexperienced grower should learn the ins and outs of this procedure before performing it. Although this technique is similar to pruning, it also has differences, because in this case there is a significant removal of part of the disc.
The purpose of pruning is to slow down active growth for 2-3 weeks, which leads to a redistribution of nutrients directly to the fruit.
It is generally accepted that a good bunch requires a mass of about 1 kg per 1 m². Meter of green mass, i.e. an average of 25 leaves. Having a long disc with a large number of leaves provides the necessary amount of nutrients for the entire bush. In this regard, some breeders prefer not to cut the shoots, but to spread them out and lay them on the top wire, as they believe that a large number of leaves increases the productivity of the bush. This option can be considered good, but only if the trellis is quite high, i.e. has a height of more than 2.5 meters.
Nevertheless, the majority of breeders consider persecution a necessary procedure.
Thanks to its carrying out:
There is an acceleration of maturation of the vine with grapes;
The growth of young shoots is slowed;
The bush becomes lighter, which facilitates the access of air and sunlight;
The quantity of the harvest increases and its quality improves;
The plant is prepared for wintering.
It is advisable to carry out such manipulations to bushes with a medium maturity period, as they tend to quickly build up green mass. In this case, the nutrients are spent only on the buildup of greenery, and not on the formation of the bunches.
Incorrect or carried out at the wrong time, pruning can lead to lower yields, poor berry flavor, and the development of diseases.
Events
The timing of pruning can be quite different and depends on the variety of grapes being grown. Pruning is done at the moment when the growth of young vines stops. The signal for the procedure is the straightening of the shoots in their upper part. Active growth of the shoots causes the branch to tilt and bend.
For early varieties, it is recommended that pruning be done in summer – from mid-July to the first decade of August.
In August, the manipulation is carried out on both medium and late varieties. For medium-late varieties, conditions can vary from August 1 to 15.
For late varieties, the most appropriate dates for this procedure are August 10-20.
If grapes are grown in greenhouses or greenhouses, such bushes are hunted from the middle of July, when the shoots grow more than 1 meter.
There are many recommendations on the timing of chasing. According to most, it is better to carry out this operation when the grapes reach the top sieve.
Pruning is carried out in late summer and in the fall, in September. Carrying them out contributes to a more effective compaction of the pole on the grapes.
How to conduct stamping?
Summer stamping can be characterized as a forced hygienic measure that helps reduce vineyard thickening.
Tips for novice vintners will allow you to do embossing properly. First of all, you should take care to have a suitable tool in the form of pruning shears. It is also possible to pinch the top of the shoot by hand.
During the procedure, it is necessary to perform a number of actions.
Remove the upper part of the shoot, which has up to 19 leaves. On the removed segment should remain about 7 leaves.
Next, you should also pluck the leaves that grow over the top tassels. As a result, the size of berries increases, improving their taste and color.
Carry out the operation at a right angle. Shoots should be cut to the height of an outstretched hand, that is, oriented to the height of the trellis.
When double pruning, the buds remaining under the stalk will not open prematurely.
You can carry out the procedure according to Kurdyumov’s method. To do this, take the tops of young shoots in your hands and determine their stiffness. Young, soft leaves should be removed, leaves that have already become tough are left in place.
Thanks to such actions, the stalks begin to actively develop in 2 weeks after manipulation. This leads to the accumulation of sap and nutrients, which are necessary for dormant buds for growth and development.
What happens if the stamping is not done correctly?
All manipulation in the vineyard must be done at the proper time for the weather conditions. Failure to comply can lead to loss of yield, reduction of quality of fruits and deterioration of taste.
If the procedure is carried out too early, the stems will begin to grow very quickly, leading to a weakened bush and reduced wilting. Stemming during active shoot development can cause nutrients to be diverted to the development of new shoots, which will then have to be broken off, rather than to the formation of bunches and the strengthening of the vine. An intervention carried out before the target date can awaken the fertile buds stored for the following year, and they can start to blossom already in the current season.
There is also no point in minting too late, since all the necessary substances that the vine has received have already been used up, so redistribution is no longer possible.
It is also considered improper coinage if winemakers remove only the crown. When the growing point is removed, the leaves that have not yet formed take up a lot of nutrition until they are full. To prevent this, it is recommended to remove part of the vine up to 40 cm along with the leaves.
Useful tips
It is worth reading the helpful advice of experienced winemakers to achieve a good harvest. Although many breeders consider burning as an important procedure, in some cases it is not recommended.
We’ll review the cases in which no manipulation is required.
In very hot summers without rain, such as B. when shoots are shortened, fire spots may appear on the leaves and grapes.
If grapes are grown on arches or arbors, they are not shaped. In this case, the plants get enough light, well ventilated, have strong and sturdy shoots. All these factors lead to good development and, consequently, to a decent harvest.
It is undesirable to hunt a young annual bush because its shoots have not grown enough. Pruning can result in young shrubs being provided with the necessary nutrients for the winter. Strong bushes are best hunted when the shoots begin to reach the floor.
Even in wine varieties, it is not recommended to shorten the shoots, as they usually have a minimum of green mass and become small. In this case, hunting is more suitable for table varieties.
It is also not advisable to shorten shoots weakened by diseases or pest infestation.
According to the manipulations carried out, it is desirable to treat the vineyard with fungicides. In the last days of summer or in early autumn, foliar and leaf phosphorus-potassium feeding is carried out.
