10 organic eco species, biofdoms: What are organic fertilizers, what are their advantages and are there disadvantages?
We have all heard about organic, safe, natural and just great organic sizes. But what are they? What’s so special about them?
First of all, what is organic fertilizer?
Organic fertilizers are made up of animal and plant substances that form decomposed minerals and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere in the process.
Organic fertilizers contain plant nutrients mainly in the form of organic compounds.
10 types of organic fertilisers
- Floods
- Herbal infusions
- Mulching, poultry manure
- Composts and vermicomposts
- peat
- Filtrates, sapropel
- Faeces
- Hemp, tree bark
- Humic fertilizer
- Integrated Organic Fertilizers – IOM
What is part of organic fertilizer?
Organic fertilizers contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and other plant nutrients as well as organic matter.
Types of organic fertilizer
Compost
Composts are organic fertilizers that have been preserved as a result of the decomposition of various organic substances. Every amateur gardener can prepare compost himself. Just give a bunch of tops, weeds, potatoes, leaves, grass and other organic waste is enough. Two components are needed for compost to mature quickly: green and brown, you also need to ensure access to oxygen and constant moisture in the compost mixture. It is helpful to stir the compost mixture regularly or to drill the post at least with a metal rod. This speeds up the maturing of the compost. If the compost dries out, it is advisable to water it down.
Vermicompost, Biohumus
Vermicompost (Biohumus) is the product of processing manure and organic waste with the help of the red Californian worm Eusenia foetieda. The beneficial activities of the worms result in an organic fertilizer with a low C: N ratio (15: 1), which is called vermicompost, Core mountain or biohumus.
Vermicompost and worms
Vermicomposts are highly microbiologically and enzymatically active, containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in a form accessible to plants. They also contain plant growth and development hormones (phytohormones) and humic substances.
Fertilizer
Tyre is one of the available types of organic fertilizer. It is a source of nitrogen, ash macronutrients and trace elements. The most affordable and popular is cow’s, but it is tight and slow to decompose. Horse dairy is considered the best, but sheep and goat dairy is dry and pig dairy contains too much moisture.
At the same time, all organic residues must be composted. Fertilizer that has been composted is more fertile and retains a lot of nutrients.
Poultry manure
This is essentially the same junk, only poultry. It is characterized in a separate group, because in its properties it is something different from cow and horse manure. Poultry manure is not used fresh, plants can get burned. It is a fast-acting fertilizer that contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a form that is easily accessible to plants. It is best to use poultry manure mixed with peat or humus.
Chicken and pigeon droppings are less valuable, duck and goose droppings are most valuable. Poultry manure should be stored in a closed container with holes for ventilation. The most effective poultry waste is in liquid form. To prepare feed, take a barrel, fill it with fresh tool, fill it with water, cover it with a lid and let it stand for 3-5 days. Then the solution is diluted with water 1 to 10 and watered under the root.
Floods
Siderates are a group of plants that are mowed and dug into the ground. Green fertilizers are used on floors poor in organic matter, with unfavorable reaction and fence.
Phacelia is an excellent siderat for enriching the floor. It can be grown as a compaction crop.
The siderat decomposes and the soil is enriched with organic matter and absorbs nitrogen compounds, phosphorus, potassium, calcium well. Terrible green fertilizers make the soil loose, moisture-intensive and more lively.
Syderates don’t need watering, but they grow better when watered.
Read more about siderates:
Grass, green fertilizers.
Liquid plant fertilizers contain nutrients in the form of soluble organic compounds. They are used for watering at the root and for foliar application.
The foliar application will have a quicker and more noticeable effect, especially if the plants lack nitrogen or potassium.
Green infusions can be made from a variety of plants. For example, a good fertilizer is obtained from a mixture of nettles, ditchweed and “traditional weeds” – tansy, chamomile, lion’s green, shepherd’s purse, hoofbeat. Dandelion and revertifolia will also work. For crops that need a lot of potassium and less nitrogen – tomatoes, cucumbers, beans – cloth fertilizer is good.
Nitrogen-rich nettles make one of the best green fertilizers
To enrich the liquid fertilizer with useful substances, you can add small amounts of poultry manure, onion shells, bone meal and wood ash to the mixture at the end of fermentation.
In bogs, marshland is formed by the incomplete decomposition of organic matter and is actively used in economic activities. It is actually a collection of partially decomposed bog plants and other organisms.
Peat in its natural state is a relatively homogeneous mass of black or dark brown in color, varies in the degree of decomposition and type. A distinction is made between the upper, lower and transitional types of peat. The chemical composition depends on the type, but in general the rule works: peat contains a lot of nitrogen, little phosphorus and very little potassium.
Sacid peat, a well-loaded lowland peat, is not used in the garden, less often. To get the maximum effect, the peat should be affected by a bath, humus, sand and other components. In the garden and vegetable garden 2-3 buckets per square meter can already be added mixed. Such fertilization can be carried out once a year.
Sapropel
Sapropel is the bottom sediments of standing freshwater reservoirs, formed from residues of plant and animal origin. The chemical composition varies even within a single field. However, the most valuable is organic and organic-mineral sapropel (the proportion of organic matter – 50-80%, minerals – 20-50%), which is characterized by a very dark, almost black color.
Sapropel can be used as an additive when growing seedlings.
Sapropel is recommended to use in the fall, as it is most effective.
Faeces
Faeces are only wastewater from latrines. They are rich in minerals that are easily assimilated by plants. However, feces in the bottom pits quickly decompose and lose nitrogen. To better preserve nitrogen, pour a layer of peat 20-25 cm on the bottom of the crawl pit, and then cover it with a small amount of peat every week.
They should be composted before use.
Sawdust and tree bark
Sawdust is a cheap organic fertilizer. But they should be applied only in the decomposed form or mixed with other materials. It is best to compost bark and sawdust with manure, dung, manure and other nitrogen-containing tissues.
Fresh sawdust deprives the floor of nitrogen.
Integrated Organic Fertilizers
Compound Organic Fertilizers (COFs) are natural, plant-based organic fertilizers. They can be used as a compound component in the production of multi-nutrient fertilizers.
There are many technologies for producing compound organic fertilizers, they can be based on green fertilizer, manure. Chicken manure, sapropel. The main thing. that, unlike natural fertilizers, these ensure the absence of soil and destructive to plants microorganisms, since. subjected to special treatment.
Humic fertilizer, humate
Humic acids and their derivatives – humates – substances of natural origin. Currently, most manufacturing companies have a range of fertilizers that contain humic substances. These are either pure humic substances, or organomineral complexes containing a balanced set of minerals with humic additives.
The most common and convenient are liquid fertilizers. They are used as fertilizer for a variety of potted and garden crops. For a quick effect, you can carry out a leaf fertilization.
What are the disadvantages of organic fertilizers?
In that they are actually unpredictable in their composition. If you take in the work of organic fertilizers, you can only roughly guess their composition.
For example, the composition and quality of cow manure depends on factors such as z
- The method of storage,
- The animal’s living conditions, nutrition, food additives, and age,
- The composition of the manure,
- Duration of storage.
For example, if fresh sawdust is used as bedding, the manure is of low quality, contains little nitrogen and decomposes slowly. Using straw as a bedding material improves its quality, while the use of peat guarantees the most useful composition and quality. Depending on the degree of decomposition, a distinction is made between fresh manure, slightly decomposed manure, half-decomposed manure, decomposed manure and humus. The higher the degree of decomposition, the higher the proportion of nutrients. At the same time, however, the loss of nitrogen and organic matter increases with increasing duration of storage.
The chemical composition of poultry kit also depends on the type of poultry, e.g: B. Feeding and conditions of its confinement. And so on and so forth. The quality of the sapropel from the lake and even the location in the lake. The quality of the compost from what you put in there. And only the quality of humorous preparations and complex organic fertilizers is not provided in detail, as they are generated by insectivorous devices.
7 Best Organic Fertilizers for the Garden
We tell you what qualifies as natural fertilizers. And we give a list of the most effective organic substances with brief properties and tips for use.
It is impossible to maintain a bountiful harvest without fertilizers. But not all gardeners are ready to apply mineral complexes to their beds. They work quickly and give good results, but they are still artificial chemical compounds. If used improperly, you can cause irreparable harm. Therefore, many people choose completely safe organic fertilizers. Let’s see what they are and how to use them correctly.
All about organic fertilizers
What is organic fertilizer
The main difference between organics is that it consists entirely of natural components. There are no chemical impurities in it. They are not as effective as synthetic preparations, so large doses are required, but they are completely safe. Sometimes organic tissues and mineral complexes are combined. This allows you to reduce the amount of chemical additives and keep the high effect of feeding.
There are two types of organic fertilizers. The first contains plant matter. These are peat, silt, compost, food waste, onion shells, brushwood, sawdust, etc. The second type contains fertilizers of animal origin. These are horse, cow and pig manure, humus, poultry and rabbit droppings, bone meal. All of these are valuable nutrient additives for plants. You only need to know how to prepare and use them correctly.
When using organic matter, the soil is enriched with macro- and micronutrients. The population of beneficial microorganisms receives the nutrition they need. Natural substrate improves soil structure and makes the soil lighter, friable for oxygen and moisture. Organic substrate can be dangerous if it is contaminated with pests, weed seeds or pathogen spores. Therefore, you should always check its quality.
The most effective types of organic parts
Beginning gardeners do not always know what kind of fertilizer can be used on their plot. We offer a list of the best organic fertilizers for the garden.
Nitrogen – an element necessary for the development of plants. Its deficiency is immediately noticeable. Leaves lose their brightness, become pale, even yellowish. May curl and fall off. Plant growth stops. Nitrogen fertilization can help. Let’s list the most effective ones.
1. manure
Three kinds of manure are used in agriculture: cow, pig and horse manure. They all contain large amounts of nitrogen and other useful elements, but are used in different ways. Cow manure is most often used in seedbeds. Although the quantitative content of useful substances in it is minimal. Therefore, in order to fertilize the floor with low fructification, it is necessary to apply a lot of it.
Horse seed in composition is similar to cowpea, but the quantitative content of useful elements in it is much higher. It is used for vegetable and berry plants that have been closed in warm ridges for greenhouses. The record-holder for the content of nitrogen and other elements is pork. But it should be used with caution. The root system of plants is burned fresh. It can destroy the vegetation on the plot.
In fresh form every manure is applied to the soil only under the fall, which is digged on empty ridges. It can be used in the form of a solution, it is called humus. For its preparation, manure is diluted 1: 5 with water in proportions. For pork, a lower concentration is also possible. Such fertilizer is very effective, as humus is quickly assimilated by plants. It contains macro- and microelements in an easily digestible form for the plant organism.
2. poultry manure
It is considered the best organic nitrogen fertilizer. Acts as quickly as mineral complexes. However, it is not suitable for all crops, so it is not universal. It is undesirable to feed it to vegetables susceptible to the formation of nitrates: root crops, greens, early crops. Fresh poultry manure is not used. It is used to make compost or a liquid solution. The latter is prepared in this way. One liter of water is taken per kilogram of fresh litter, when the product dries, it is diluted in a ratio of 1: 3. The mixture is thoroughly mixed and put in rest for fermentation. It takes four to six weeks. If bubbles disappear from the surface of the solution, it can be used. The liquid is concentrated, it is diluted with pure water. The ratio depends on the crop you will feed.
3. Humus .
This is an organic nutrient mass into which fresh waste or fertilizer is decomposed. Humus is preserved by animal or plant waste after three to four years. The nutrient mass is free of pathogens, weed seeds and parasites. It contains the maximum amount of nutrients and a minimum of moisture per unit mass. Humus not only enriches the soil, but also improves its structure. This is especially useful for a heavy toned floor.
